The short version

Drop the PDF and press the button. The tool works in three stages, cheapest first, and stops at the first one that gets the file under 20 MB.

Images are recompressed in place first, so text, links and forms stay exactly as they were. Only when a file still will not fit are the pages rebuilt as images, and even then an invisible text layer keeps the words searchable. A file already under the cap is handed back untouched. If your file is already small enough, you do not need this tool.

A file that is too big for email fails in one of three places: your provider refuses it, the encoded message exceeds the server limit, or the recipient's gateway bounces it. Targeting 20 MB addresses all three for the common cases. For a recipient on a strict corporate system, the 10 MB target is the safer choice; for anything larger than a few hundred pages of scans, a link is the right tool.

Where the 20 MB limit comes from

Who asks for itPlaces that cap uploads at 20 MB
  • Gmail, personal25 MB, measured after encoding
  • Outlook.com and Microsoft 365 personal20 MB
  • Microsoft 365 business, default33 MB, often lowered by IT
  • Corporate Exchange, typical10 MB
  • iCloud Mail20 MB before Mail Drop

Caps like this are rarely revisited once set. They are written into a portal's upload form at launch, sized for the storage and bandwidth of the day, and outlive both. The practical response is not to argue with the number but to produce a file that clears it while staying readable, which is what the ladder below does.

How the tool hits 20 MB

1

Add the PDF

Drop it or browse. It is read into browser memory; nothing is uploaded, so a slow connection makes no difference.

2

Stages one and two: tidy, then the images

Unused objects, thumbnails and stale metadata go first, which costs nothing at all. Then the pictures inside the file are recompressed in place, starting at 200 ppi, while your text, links and form fields are left exactly as they were.

3

Stage three, only when it is needed

If the images were not where the weight was, the pages are rebuilt as pictures with an invisible text layer behind them, so the words stay searchable. It probes at 150 dpi, works out the resolution that should fit, and will not go below 60 dpi.

4

Download, and read the result line

It shows the final size and which stage produced it. If none fitted, you still get the smallest attempt, labelled honestly, rather than a file that silently missed the target.

The image ladderSeven rungs, from 200 ppi down to 60
200q82150q75120q66100q5880q5072q4260q36Rung 1: images barely touched (ppi above, JPEG quality below)Rung 7: visibly softYour text, links and form fields are untouched at every rung
Stage two walks down this ladder, recompressing the pictures inside the file and leaving everything else alone. It stops at the first rung under 20 MB, and abandons the ladder early when the images are not what is making the file big.
Stages
Three

Structure, then the images in place, then the pages as pictures. It stops at the first stage that fits.

Text after compression
Kept

Untouched at the first two stages. If the pages do get rebuilt, an invisible text layer keeps them searchable.

Bytes uploaded
0

The IDs, forms and statements people compress for portals never leave the device.

What fits in 20 MB, and what does not

The honest answer depends on page count and on what is on the pages. Text pages are cheap because a rendered page of black text compresses extremely well as a JPEG. Colour scans and photographs are expensive because every pixel carries information the encoder has to keep. The estimator uses typical figures to show which attempt your file is likely to land on.

Try it

Will your file fit in 20 MB?

Enter the page count and what the pages contain. The estimate shows the attempt that is likely to succeed and what that attempt looks like.

Typical sizesCommon documents against the 20 MB line
400-page text contractabout 17 MB100-page report with imagesabout 11 MB80-page colour scanabout 19 MB50 full-page photosabout 19 MB20 MB
Estimates for the first attempt, before any quality is traded away. Anything past the line will step down the ladder.

When it cannot reach 20 MB

Some documents will not fit legibly, and the tool says so rather than pretending. When the result line reports a miss, three moves usually solve it:

  • Split first. Use Split PDF to break the file into parts and compress each. Most portals accept several attachments even when each one is capped at 20 MB.
  • Rescan the source. A fresh 150 dpi greyscale scan compresses far better than a colour scan that has already been through one compressor. Every pass costs quality, and the first pass should start from the cleanest source.
  • Check the real limit. Portals sometimes state one number and accept another. Read the fine print, or try a slightly larger file before compressing harder than you need to.
One pass, from the original
Compressing an already-compressed file compounds the quality loss without much further saving. If the first result is not right, run the original again rather than the output. And keep the original: the compressed copy is for the portal, not for your records.

Why 25 MB is not 25 MB

Mail was designed for text, so an attachment is converted to text-safe base64 before it leaves your outbox. That conversion makes it about 37 percent larger, and the mail server applies its limit to the encoded message. A 20 MB PDF becomes roughly 27 MB in transit and is rejected by a 25 MB cap. The widget below does the arithmetic for your file against each provider.

Try it

Will this attachment go through?

Enter the PDF's size on disk. The calculator shows the encoded size and whether each common mailbox accepts it.

Encoding overheadAn 18 MB file is about 24.7 MB on the wire
On your disk18.0 MBOn the wire24.7 MBExchange 10MBOutlook.com 20MBGmail 25MBBase64 encoding adds about 37% before the mail server ever sees the file
Landing under 20 MB on disk clears Gmail comfortably after encoding and leaves headroom for headers and boundaries.

When it still will not send

Split the document

Two messages that arrive beat one that bounces

  • Split PDF by range into halves
  • Each part keeps full quality
  • Recipients merge or file the parts as they wish
  • Works with every provider and gateway
Send a link

For anything over about 50 MB

  • Drive, OneDrive and iCloud links carry any size
  • The file stays under your control and can be revoked
  • Some corporate recipients have link previews stripped
  • Not an attachment: some workflows and archives need the file itself

Where people use the 20 MB target

Typical jobsWhat gets compressed to this size
  • Signed contracts to a client's corporate inboxtext, fits
  • Insurance claim packs with photographed evidencemixed
  • Property packets to buyers, lawyers and brokersscans and photos
  • Quarterly reports and diligence bundlesmixed

Why this runs in your browser

The files people compress for portals are the ones that identify them: passports, ID cards, certificates, bank statements, tax forms. Uploading them to a compression website in order to upload them again to the portal doubles the exposure for no benefit.

Two ways to compressOne of them never transmits the document
Your devicePDFin memoryBrowser enginecompressDownload0 bytes leavethe machineTypical online toolPDFon diskuploadServercopies filedownloadA full copy now sits on hardware you do notcontrol, under a policy you cannot audit
PDF.js renders the pages and pdf-lib rebuilds the file inside the tab. The document is read into memory, compressed there, and offered as a download.

The tool is right above

Everything on this page runs in your browser. Scroll up, drop the file, and keep it on your machine.

Jump to the tool

Common questions

The questions people have with a 20 MB cap in front of them.

01Why aim for 20 MB when Gmail allows 25 MB?

Because Gmail measures the encoded message, which is about 37 percent larger than the file. Twenty megabytes on disk is about 27 MB encoded, right at the edge; landing under 20 MB leaves room. Corporate recipients are often behind gateways that cap at 20 MB or lower anyway.

02What if my file still will not fit?

Split it into parts and send two messages, aim for the 10 MB target if the recipient is on a corporate system, or share a link for anything over about 50 MB.

03Will the text still be readable?

For text documents, yes, and usually at the first attempt. For colour scans and photo-heavy pages, later attempts soften the image visibly. The result line tells you which attempt produced the file, and the estimator above predicts it.

04Will the text still be selectable?

Usually, yes. The first two stages leave the text exactly as it was. If the file only fits by rebuilding the pages as pictures, an invisible text layer goes behind them so the words can still be searched and copied.

05What if the file cannot get under 20 MB?

You still get the smallest attempt, with the result line stating the final size honestly. Split the file into parts, or rescan the source in greyscale at a lower resolution, and try again.

06My file was already small. Why did it grow?

The tool checks the size first and hands a file that already fits straight back, untouched. If the file is already under the cap, send it as it is.

07Are my files uploaded anywhere?

No. Rendering and compression run in your browser. The file never leaves the device.

08Is it free?

Free. Every tool, unlimited use, no signup.